What Is The Name Of The Process Where A White Blood Cell Engulfs A Pathogen?

What Is Phagocytosis?

Definition of Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis is the process by which a white blood cell engulfs a pathogen or other foreign particle. It is a key part of the immune system, as it helps to remove harmful substances from the body. Phagocytosis is carried out by specialized white blood cells called phagocytes, which include neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells.

Steps of Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis occurs in a series of steps:

1. Recognition: The phagocyte recognizes the pathogen or foreign particle using receptors on its surface.
2. Attachment: The phagocyte attaches to the pathogen or foreign particle.
3. Engulfment: The phagocyte extends its cell membrane around the pathogen or foreign particle, forming a phagocytic vacuole.
4. Killing: The phagocyte kills the pathogen or foreign particle using various mechanisms, such as reactive oxygen species and lysosomal enzymes.
5. Digestion: The phagocyte digests the pathogen or foreign particle, breaking it down into smaller molecules.

Importance of Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis is essential for the immune system, as it helps to remove harmful substances from the body. It plays a role in protecting against infections, as well as in clearing away dead cells and debris. Phagocytosis is also important in the development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis.

Dysregulation of Phagocytosis

Dysregulation of phagocytosis can lead to a number of diseases. For example, excessive phagocytosis can lead to inflammation and tissue damage, while impaired phagocytosis can lead to increased susceptibility to infections. Dysregulation of phagocytosis can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic defects, infections, and autoimmune disorders.